Nematodes सुत्र क्रमी का परिचय ,पौधों पर प्रभाव एवं प्रबंधन

Nematodes  सुत्र क्रमी का परिचय ,पौधों पर प्रभाव एवं प्रबंधन

   Introduction of Nematodes formula crmi, effect on plants and management

 

निमेटोड धागे नुमा संरचना में पाए जाते हैं। इनका शरीर बेलना कार होने के कारण, इन्हें इलवर्म भी कहते हैं। निमेटोड की लगभग 25000 प्रजातियों का अध्यन किया गया है जो जल स्थल ,समुंदर, पहाड़ आदि क्षेत्रों में पाए जाते हैं। ये नारियल ,धान मूंगफली ,सोयाबीन ,आलू, केला इत्यादि को विशेष रूप से प्रभावित करते हैं। थोड़ी सी मृदा में 100 से भी अधिक निमेटोड पाए जाते हैं। निमेटोड मृदा में पौधों की जड़ों में घुसकर पौधे की जड़ ,तना, पत्ती, फूल व बीज को संक्रमित करते हैं।

Nematodes are found in thread like structure. Due to their cylindrical body, they are also called illworms. About 25,000 species of nematodes have been studied which are found in water bodies, seas, mountains etc. They especially affect coconut, paddy, groundnut, soybean, potato, banana etc. More than 100 nematodes are found in a small amount of soil. Nematodes infect the root, stem, leaf, flower and seed of the plant by entering the roots of the plants in the soil.

 पौधों पर प्रभाव:- सूत्र कर्मी पौधे को संक्रमित करके उनकी  वृद्धि एवं विकास को प्रभावित करते हैं जिससे-पौधों में जड़ पतली कमजोर हो जाती है। रोगी पौधों में पुष्प कम लगते हैं। अपरिपक्व फल समय पूर्व ही गिर जाते हैं। फल संख्या में कम ,आकार में छोटे, भार में हल्के हो जाते हैं जिसे आर्थिक हानि होती है। सूत्र कर्मी की अधिकांश प्रजातियां पौधों की आंतरिक भागों में संरचना को परिवर्तित कर की उत्पादकता को प्रभावित करते हैं।

Effects on plants:- Sutra workers affect the growth and development of plants by infecting them, due to which the root becomes thin and weak in plants. Diseased plants bear fewer flowers. Immature fruits fall prematurely. Fruits become less in number, smaller in size, lighter in weight which causes economic loss. Most species of aphids affect plant productivity by altering the structure of internal parts.

 प्रबंधन:-

Management:-

 शस्य प्रबंधन:- मृदा में उपस्थित फसल अपशिष्ट को  एकत्रित करके नष्ट कर देना चाहिए।रोगमुक्त बीजों की बुवाई करनी चाहिए। बीजों की बुवाई के दौरान , बीजो को लगभग 10 मिनट तक 54 डिग्री , सेल्सियस तापमान पर नमक के पानी में गर्म करके सुखाना चाहिए ताकि अंडों को नष्ट किया जा सके ।

  Crop management:- Crop waste present in the soil should be collected and destroyed. Disease-free seeds should be sown. During sowing of seeds, the seeds should be dried by heating them in salt water at 54°C for about 10 minutes to kill the eggs.

 रासायनिक प्रबंधन:- इस रोग  का संक्रमण अधिक होने पर  नेमा फोर्स ,जीनोफोस, एलडीकारब से मृदा उपचार किया जा सकताा है। 

  Chemical Management:- Soil treatment can be done with nema force, xenophos, ldcarb if the infection of this disease is high.

 जैविक प्रबंधन:- सूत्र कर्मी नियंत्रण हेतु फसलों की रोग प्रतिरोधक किस्मों का उपयोग करना चाहिए। रोग प्रतिरोधी किस्मे जैसे-राजकिरण,सी-164,WH-220,250 आदि।

  Biological Management:- Disease resistant varieties of crops should be used for weevil control. Disease resistant varieties like Rajkiran, C-164, WH-220, 250 etc.

 

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