Mealy bug: Phenacoccus solan (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) || KHETI KA HISAB ||

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Mealy bug: Phenacoccus solan (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) 

Distribution and status: Mealybugs, once regarded as insignificant pests in many crops, have recently become serious pests, particularly in cotton, vegetables, and fruits. Mealybugs have recently been severely infesting the cotton crop in Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Gujarat in India. 

Host range: Pest with many diets. plants for decoration, fruit and vegetable crops, and field crops. In India, 91 host plants from 24 families have been identified thus far.

Damage symptoms: Infested plants show symptoms including leaf curling, bent and bushy stems, and crinkled, twisted, and/or bunchy leaves. Stunted and dry plants result from drying. Early crop senescence, reduced plant vigour, and late-season infection during the reproductive crop stage have a negative impact on yield.
Bionomics: Short waxy filaments that coat the body are present. There are no long tails or body stripes. There is no ovisac or egg mass in this species. Mealybugs are 3–4 mm long and range in colour from white to pink. In the case of M. hirsutus, both the eggs and the crawlers are pink. The crawlers are 0.3 millimetres long. Females that are immature or just beginning to mature are a greyish-pink colour and have a mealy white wax coating. The soft-bodied, oval-shaped, adult females range in length from 2.5 to 4.0 mm and are somewhat flattened. Nine-segmented antennae, anal lobe bars, numerous dorsal oral rim ducts, long, flagellate dorsal setae, and other features are all present on females' bodies aside from the limbs. Males lack mouthparts and have just one pair of extremely basic wings. They also have large antennae and white wax filaments that protrude from their backs.

Management

Ø Early crop harvesting

Ø cutting down cotton stalks.

Ø Destroy alternate weed hosts that are present in wastelands, waterways, and field bunds.

Ø Use acid-treated seeds while planting.

Ø If possible, plant pigeonpea, bajra, or maize as a border crop.

Ø Extract of Neem Seed Kernels (NSKE 5 percent ) Spraying a spot treatment of 50ml/L + Neem oil (5ml/L) + detergent powder (1gm/L), Fish oil rosin liquid (10ml) mixed with neem (10ml/L), or Karanj oil (10ml/L) on infested stalks is also an option.

Ø When available, use 10 Cryptolaemus montrouzieri adults or grub per infected plant.

Ø Spray Verticillium lecanii (potency 2 X 108 C.F.U/gm) and Beauveria bassiana (potency 108 spores/ml) biopesticides on the affected area.

Ø Spray less dangerous insecticides such buprofezin 25 SC 2.0 L/ha, acephate 75 SP 2.0 kg, and malathion 50 EC 2 L. Spray moderately dangerous pesticides, such as Profenophos 50EC, Chlorpyriphos 20EC 3 L, or Quinolphos 25 EC, as a last resort. Thiodicarb 75WP 5.0gm/l 2.5 L in 800- 100 L of water per hectare. 

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